The Passionate Shepherd to His Love Summary Essay Example for Free

The Passionate ward to His Love Summary EssayThe Passionate Shepherd to His Love is a pastoral lyric, a poetic form that is used to create an idealized vision of rural life within the context of personal emotion. Pastoral verse forms had been in vogue among poets for at least(prenominal) seventeen hundred years when Marlowe wrote this one. The Greek poet Theocritis, in the third century B.C.E. (Shipley 300-1,) was the starting pastoralist poet, and he, too, wrote about shepherds. All pastoral verse, including Marlowes, is to some degree influenced by this passe-partout practitioner. The poem is written in very regular iambic tetrameter. Each line dribbles exactly four heavy stresses, and the metrical feet are almost endlessly iambic. Similarly, most lines contain eight syllables, and the few that dont create a specific poetic effect ( such as lines 3 and 4), or have easily elided syllables which may be read as eight. This regular meter, sustained through the twenty-fou r lines, remarkably never descends into the sing-song quality so prevalent in tetrameter, primarily because Marlowe salts his lines with a variety of devices that complement the meter without drawing too much attention to its rigid regularity.Marlowes use of soft consonants (such as W, M, Em, F) to start lines, with the occasional feminine windup of an unstressed syllable (in the third stanza) lend a de clarificationful variety to an essentially regular and completely constituted form. In the first stanza, the Shepherd invites his love to pass off with him and pleasures prove (line 2.) This immediate reference to pleasure gives a mildly sexual tone to this poem, muchover it is of the totally innocent, almost nave harming. The Shepherd desexs no hint of a sordid type, but rather gently and directly calls to his love. He implies that the entire geography of the countryside of England Valleys, groves, hills and fields/Woods or steepy mountains provide prove to contain pleasure of all kinds for the lovers. This vision of the bounteous earth (reminiscent of the New Testaments admonishment Look at the birds of the air they neither sow nor reap nor gather into barns, and that your heavenly Father feeds them. Matthew 626) is a very common theme in pastoral rhyme. The idealization of rural life is essentially what separates pastoral poetry from simple rustic verse.Realism, which would not come into being as a poetic or literary style for many centuries after Marlowe, has little indue in pastoral verse. The next stanza suggests that the lovers will take their entertainment not in a theatre or at a banquet, but sit upon rocks or by rivers. They will watch shepherds (of which the titular speaker is ostensibly one, except here it is implied that he will have ample leisure) feeding their flocks, or listening to waterfalls and the songs of birds. The enticements of such auditory and visual pleasures underside be seen as a marked contrast to the hurly-burly (a p hrase Marlowe used in his subsequently play, Dido, nance of Carthage, Act IV, Scene 1) of the London stage plays which Marlowe would write. These are entirely bucolic, traditional entertainments the idea of Marlowe, the young man about t confess who chose to spicy in London, genuinely enjoying these rustic pleasures exclusively and leaving the city behind is laughable.Again, these invitations are not to be taken literally. Marlowe may well have admired pastoral verse, and the ideals of it (such as Ovids ideals of aggressive, adulterous heterosexual love) were not necessarily those he would espouse for himself. The third, fourth, and fifth stanzas are a kind of list of the delights, mostly sartorial, that the Shepherd will commit for his lady love. Here it becomes clearer that the Shepherd is really none of the same indeed, he is more like a feudal landowner who employs shepherds.The list of the things he will make for his lady beds of roses (a phrase, incidentally, first coined by Marlowe, which has survived to this day in common speech, though in the negative , no bed of roses meaning not a pleasant situation) thousand fragrant posies, cap of flowers, kirtle embroidered with leaves of myrtle, gown made of the finest wool/Which from our pretty lambs we pull, fair-lind slippers, buckles of the purest gold, belt of straw and ivy buds, coral clasps, and amber studs) denounce a great deal about the situation of the Shepherd and what he can offer his love. While certainly many of the adornments Marlowe lists would be within the world-beater of a real shepherd to procure or make (the slippers, the belt, possibly the bed of roses (in season), the cap of flowers, and the many posies, and possibly even the kirtle embroidered with myrtle and the lambs wool gown,) but the gold buckles, the coral clasps, and the amber studs would not be easily available to the smallholder or tenant shepherds who actually did the work of sheepherding.This increasingly fanciful list of gifts could lonesome(prenominal) come from a member of the gentry, or a merchant in a town. This is an early(a) convention of pastoral poetry. While the delights of the countryside and the rural life of manual(a) labor are celebrated, the poet (and the reader) is assumed to be noble, or at least above manual labor. The fantasy of bucolic paradise is entirely idealized Marlowes Shepherd is not a real person, but merely a poetic device to celebrate an old poetic ideal in verse. Incidentally, the plants mentioned (roses, flowers, and myrtle) are conventional horticultural expressions of romance. The rose, especially, was sacred to the goddess Venus (and it is how roses have come to comprise romantic love in some modern Western cultures.) The myrtle was associated with Venus, too, and especially with conjugation rituals in Ancient Rome. This connotation would have been known to Marlowes readers.The attribute of virginity should not necessarily be assumed here it was not for a few more centuries that myrtle would come to signize sexual purity. Therefore the kirtle embroidered with myrtle is not just a pretty rhyme and a word-picture of a desirable garment. It was meant to symbolize that this was a nuptial invitation, and that the Shepherds lady was not strictly defined (though she may well have been meant to be) a virgin bride. Myrtle was an appropriate nature symbol from the Greek and Roman mythologies (from which the first pastoral poems come) to insert into a love-poem. The image of the Shepherd as a member of the gentry becomes complete when, in the lead stanza, it is said The shepherd swains shall dance and sing/For thy delight each May-morning.The picture here is of other shepherds doing the speakers bidding. A rustic form of performance in the exonerated air and not on a stage is again in marked contrast to the kind of formal performance of plays on the Renaissance stage, which would make Marlowe famous at a very young age. The poem ends with an i f statement, and contains a slightly somber note. There is no guarantee that the lady will recuperate these country enticements enough to follow the Shepherd, and since the construction of them is preposterous and fantastical to begin with, the reader is left with the very real possibility that the Shepherd will be disappointed. AnalysisThe Passionate Shepherd to His Love was composed sometime in Marlowes early years, (between the ages of sixteen and twenty-three) around the same time he trans tardyd Ovids Amores. This is to say, Marlowe wrote this poem before he went to London to become a playwright. Thornton suggests that Marlowes poetic and dramatic career follows an Ovidian career model (xiv), with his amatory poems belonging to his youth, followed later by epic poems (such as Hero and Leander) and Lucans First Book). The energy and fanciful nature of youth is evident in Passionate Shepherd, which has been called an extensive invitation to rustic retirement (xv). It is headlon g in its rush of sentiment, though, upon examination, it reveals itself to be a particularly well-balanced piece of poetry. This poem is justly famous though it may not be immediately identifiable as Marlowes (it is often mistakenly thought to be a sonnet of Shakespeare, though that is incorrect in both authorship and poetic form) it has a place in most anthologies of love-poetry.It may well be the most widely recognized piece that Marlowe ever wrote, notwithstanding the popularity of certain of his plays. The meter, though seemingly regular, gives a great deal of meaning and music to this poem. In line 10 the iambic pattern, so far unbroken, reverses to trochaic (stressed, unstressed). The line is innocuous And a thousand fragrant posies there is no special meaning in this line that requires a complete reversal of the meter. yet it is a completely complementary line to the one above it (which contains an almost perfect match of nine iambic syllables), and creates movement and mo tion in the poem. This kind of temporary shift of meter makes the poem lighter to read, and, while preserving regularity, lessens any sing-song quality that might occur if too many regular lines appear in sequence. This skillful change is one of the reasons this poem is so often read aloud. It is musical and regular to the ear, but it is never rigid or predictable. Line endings, too, can create variety within regularity, and also call attention to the subject matter of the lines.The only stanza which contains the line ending termed feminine (that is, an additional unstressed syllable pastime the final stressed syllable while it may not have been called feminine in Marlowes day, the softer consonant at the end of a disyllabic word such as those in this stanza definitely can convey femininity) is the third. There will I make thee beds of roses This is done by using disyllabic words at the end of the line. The second syllable of most two-syllable words is usually an unstressed one. T hese lines all end with particularly feminine objects, too roses, posies, kirtle (a womans garment), and myrtle. It should be noted that every other line-terminating word in the entire poem is a monosyllabic one, with the lone exception of line 22, in which the masculine stressed ending is forced by the hyphenated construction May-morn ing. Marlowe chose his words with very great care. Scansion of poetry is never exact while lines 1 and 20 are often read as iambic, the rise (especially line 20) can easily be read as a spondee (two long syllables Come live with me and be my love/ rather than Come live with me and be my love/).A skillful and expressive reader might read this repeated line thusly, upon its second occurrence. The different stress would add imploring to the tone of the line (the emphases on the verbs come live and and be) and bespeak a slight desperation on the part of the Shepherd. If read the opposite way from the first line (spondaic rather than iambic) the meanin g of the line changes just enough to create a development of emotion. This is no mean feat in a poem only twenty-four lines in length. (Note that there is disputed stanza (second from the last) Thy silver dishes for thy meat which appears in some older editions the latest critical editions do not accept it.)At first glance The Passionate Shepherd To His Love can seem to be a nice piece of pastoral frippery. Considering that it was written, probably, in Marlowes late adolescence, and if read as a superficial exercise in the practice of a very old form of poetry, it can seem to be light and insubstantial. But any studied analysis of the poem reveals its depth the poem can be read as containing irony (as written by an courteous man who longed for the city rather than the country, and thus constructed impossible rustic scenarios), serious and heartfelt emotion, a slight political commentary, a gentle sadness, and a exceptional love of nature. Good poetry is often many things to diff erent readers, and Marlowe was able to create, within a codified (and one might say ossified) form of poetry a piece of clever and flexible Elizabethan verse. The Shepherd may not have been real, but the emotions and effects created by this poem have their own reality.

Why many High School Graduates Are not Ready for College Essay Example for Free

Why many High School Graduates Are not Ready for College EssayThe report underscores the importance of the skills that are intimately essential and associated with career and college readiness, Paul Weeks says. Since many secondary give instruction teachers arent familiar with the skills that have been identified as the most essential to succeed in college, high school educators cover a breadth of skills. Postsecondary instructors would rather see more depth, not a broad range that are only an inch deep, asserts Weeks. For example, two students clear pass algebra but have vastly different experiences and their knowledge can vary greatly. Colleges review class titles but rarely evaluate the essential skills know in the class.Now we know what skills lead to college and career readiness, suggests Weeks. And the more high school teachers are aware of those skills and can teach them, the better their graduates will coif in postsecondary education. Boone County schools also are c ollaborating with Northern Kentucky University to develop basic math programs. We want to make sure that every student is at that level of mastery. It drives everything we do, Karen Cheser says. To contrive students to be college ready, it requires conversations, transparency, and a willingness to put out data. It takes community-will and providing resources, she remarks.

Gender-Based Assumptions of War Victims

Gender-Based Assumptions of War VictimsIS THE VIEW OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN MERELY AS VICTIMS OF WAR TOO SIMPLISTIC?International actors faced numerous Humanitarian crises throughout the 1990s, leading to a New War thesis, made particularly prominent by Mary Kaldor. Whilst state of wars urinate historically been concerned with delirium against the most vulnerable, only recently perplex studies rivet on massive civilian casualties, largely women and children (Kaldor 2013 133). In mainstream thinking, war remains an exclusively male liberate where men be naturally those who attract emphasis meanwhile, women and children are seen only as victims. Empirical data, however, reported that men as potential fighters are most likely to be targeted in fortify interlocking, including sexual aggression (Carpenter 2006 88). Wars create all sorts of victims and perpetrators, spanning gender and roles. Thus, is the role of women and children uncorruptedly as victims too simplistic? WantThis paper examines how common gender-based assumptions and unclear victim-related equipment casualty led observers to consider victimization as intrinsic and gender specific. As Cynthia Enloe (2004 10) stated, naturally is a dangerous notion that depicts women as life-giving versus men as life-taking (Coulter, Persson and Utas 2008 7). However, men, women and childrens roles are much much diverse and complex. Analysis of the Syrian crisis illustrates this argument and provides evidence that men, women and children may be victims, perpetrators, or until now both.Women and Children First.The necessity to give a victim.Thinking about build up conflict and human security system, victims are often at the heart of leaders decision-making and civil societys policies. The search for adequate victims and humanitarian programs raised the debate about which side or communities should be acknowledged as victims and parted the many faces of victimhood (Huyse 2003 54). Part of the dilemma com es from the political-biased connotations and the ratified definition(s) of the term victim. To discuss the former argument, we choose to use the definition provided by the 1985 UN Declaration, which defined a victim asa person who, individually or collectively, have suffered harm, including visible or mental injury, emotional excruciation, economic loss or substantial impairment of their fundamental rights, through acts or omissions that are in violation of criminal laws operative within Member States (UN 1985).Women and gender-based violence.Gender-based violence, especially wartime rape, is as old as war itself. For a long time in history, the substandard position of women or certain ethnic or racial minorities was considered as natural, following Browmillers thesis that War provides men with the perfect psychological ground to give vent to their contempt for women and became inherent to territorial advance (Brownmiller 1975, 32). During the liberation of Europe in 1945, the Russian Army raped over two one thousand thousand German women (Beevor 2007).However, women had to wait fifty years with the atrocities of Bosnian, Sierra Leone and Rwandan reports on rape camps to finally obtain the ear of the International connection. The mediatization of armed groups using the enemys women to achieve ethnic cleansing, genocide and occupation goals upon the enemy raised awareness about the use of rape as a weapon (The Economist 2001, Farwell 2004). Pressures by feminist lobbies and academics led to an attempt by the UN to rein overstretch the nurtureion of women and girls from gender-based violence, recognizing this regrettable aspect of the war as a crime against humanity (Farwell 2004 389, Erturk 2008 1, DEDAW 1993).Nonetheless(prenominal), sexual violence is not the only form of conflict-related victimization of women. The over-classification of women as bush wives, camp followers, and sex slaves undoubtedly raised the worlds awareness on gender-based violen ce but also diverted policy makers to address and establish efficient policies for all the range of victims (Coulter, Persson and Utas 2008 8). For example, concerns about the health needs of women in conflict-zones especially significant m otherwises and their children are annually expressed. In 2009 the Red Cross reported the highest rates of maternal deaths happen in war-torn countries (Puechguirbal 2009). Besides physical sequels, women suffer also from long-term and indirect psychological, social, and economical related-forms of violence. For example, women injured by sexual violence endure physical sufferings but also psychological pressures such as shame when they are back in their communities or economic deprivations and sanctions. Those issues are particularly contentious in cases where women are culturally dependent and subjected to their husbands. (Puechguirbal 2009, Erturk 2008, Tickner 1997 628).Children as victimsThe same think occurs with children. UNICEF recent ly alleged the rate of children affected by civil wars has more than doubled over the past years, exceeding more than 5.5 million (UNICEF 2014 3). However, the numbers do not reflect the form of violence and oppression nor do they specify a time distinction. Children are mainly described as direct victims suffering from the direct effects of violence. nevertheless, more attention should be given to the many other invisible victims, such as those children who lost one or more family members and suffer from the aftereffects of the violence they witnessed (Huyse 2003 57, worldvision 2014). Usually defenceless and vulnerable, children are killed, physically abused, kidnapped, recruited as soldiers, and/or displaced.In Syria, more than 1.2 million children have fled their homes, most of them are down the stairs 12 (UNICEF 2014 18). In refugee camps, children are particularly exposed to malnutrition and unsanitary conditions, leading to all kinds of disease. Separated from their famil y, and/or without support from parents who could barely afford to feed and protect them, children suffer socio-economic deprivation and usually have no access to basic necessities. They are prevented from going to schools and are either enrolled as child labour and/or agonistic into sexual slavery, or in the case of young women, married off to older men to supplement their familys meagre income (Shivakumaran 2014).In increment to physical abuses, children suffer from long-term psychological traumas from their experiences. In Syrian refugee camps, psychologists noticed unusual level of distress and visible signs social and physical dysfunction among displaced children (Atlas 2014, winter 2014). Isolated and socially rejected, children who have been traumatized during the conflict develop sequels that can lead to new forms of violence child soldiers, street gangs, juvenile delinquency or vendetta (Boyden 2006 4). In war-torn societies, the observations can generally be extended to second-generation victims from children who suffered high levels of stress from the freehandeds around them and children born in camps1, to the grandchildren who carry memories from elder generations (Huyse 2004 54, 57).Victims of Mans warFor a long time, there was a belief that men fight wars to protect vulnerable people, defend their familys wealth, and the interests of the nation. This stereotypical role of the brisk male protector naturally defined women and children as passive-protected actors. Nevertheless, this common understanding about women and childrens victimization largely diverted the international debate from other under-acknowledged realities (Tickner 1997 627, Enloe 2012 7, Rygiel 2006 150)First, armed groups are not always protecting the weak second, the assumption that victimization is gender specific overlooks the presence of female fighters among armies (Goldstein 2001 59). Finally, keeping in read/write head the fate of children as victims, recent researche s indicate empirical evidence about childrens contribution to armed violence, including child soldiering.From victims to active participantsViolence committed by children or women has an important symbolic power on peoples minds, because it challenges traditional social constructions that women and children are the most vulnerable (Hunt and Rygiel 2006 2).Children as weaponsChild soldiers have been in use for a long time regular armies before the Geneva agreements made use of children. As a result of changing societal values and greater awareness of the issue, child soldiering increasely gained political salience over the last decades of civil wars intensification. Images of tens of thousands small boys with an AK-47 considered as a shoddy and disposable goods by African War-lords (Rosen 2005) created terrifying damages worldwide (Erwin 2002, Hoge 2014). However, child soldiers are generally portrayed as direct or indirect victims, forced and pressured by adults to commit brutal at rocities.Numerous testimonies by former child soldiers show the dilemma for those children who killed to defend themselves, either from their captor or an opposing armed faction (BBC 2005). The recent video released by the Islamic State (IS) shows the process of indoctrination and militarization children carry guns as big as them, and are trained in radical ideology (Vinograd, Balkiz and Omar 2014). Many of those children are around 12-13 and do not actually have a choice, but some of them are already adults. This also leads to the debate around the capacity of youth to exercise a measure of personal autonomy in their decisions and actions (Maclure and Denov 2006 120).Since 2002, child soldiers definition relies the UN straight 18 pattern and outlaws all major forms of children involvement in hostilities under that age (OPAC 2007). However, this strict definition tends to obscure the weight of experience, social-context and environment in which youth are evolving (Boyden 2006, Macl ure and Denov 2006) current psychological analyses demonstrate the necessity to differentiate childhood and adolescence much of the analysis so far has infantilized the young people as receptors of environmental stimuli, or of adult pressures, often disregarding particular cognitive and behavioural dynamics (Boyden 2006 1).In some cases, children join for ideological reasons or for other advantages and opportunities war can produce e.g. money, resources and power to name a few reasons. The prospect of getting a better life is worth war, leading young people to join the confusion for the same reasons as adults (Hoeffler and Collier 2001, Boyden 2006 4). Moreover, some scholars tend to explain instability in certain domain as a consequence of demographic changes and increasing masses of youth. Post-conflict zones are primarily addressed taking into consideration the limited capacity of war-torn states to handle youthfulness (Maclure and Denov 2006, Boyden 2006 10). For example, r e-recruitment of child soldiers into war is particularly onerous to address (Hoge 2014). In response to evidence of child soldiering by the Kurdish rebel group, the International Criminal Court signed an agreement with the YGP establishing a non-combatant kin for children between 16 and 18. However and despite Demobilization, Demilitarization and rehabilitation (DDR) programs, dozens of children have tried to re-join local Kurdish military unites on their own (Geneval impose 2014).Women and Men on the moral continuum.From Antigone2 to the Ozalp3, women have actively participated in all aspects of war. Historical records show that women perform successfully in war sometimes even more than their male colleagues. The quasi-exclusion of women as combatants, refers to the gender constructed discourse and dichotomy between women (peaceful) and men (warlike) which denied the active participation of women as individual perpetrators of violence (Hunt and Rygiel 2006). For example, in 2003 , when were released the images of Lynndie England abusing Iraqi prisoner at Abu Ghraib surfaced, the first comments were not related to the atrocities perpetrated on the Iraqi prisoners nor the executors no one knew, knows, or remembers the names of the other U.S. guards (Brittain 2006 84). The shock was particularly focused around the picture of the little white fair sex holding a leash tethered to the prisoners neck (Struckman 2010, Brittain 2006 84) Consequently, it has become necessary to critically analyse womens role as perpetrators and perpetuators, regarding the estimated number of women engaged today in unwomanly behaviour worldwide, including Western armies (Goldstein 2001, Cohen and al. 2013).Fighting for freedom The case of Kurdish Female fightersThe recent growing progress of IS has given particular attention to the fighters for freedom, which fight to prevent the expansion of the Islamic caliphate. In reporting on Kobani attacks by IS, media have begun focusing spec ifically on the increasing proportion of female fighters who joined the Kurdish movements under the banner of the Womens Protection Unit (YPJ). Never before has such international concern been given to female combatants and the role they can play in a major combat zone. In the region of Kobani, one in three of the city defenders are female (Pratt 2014, Mezzofiore 2014).From passive protected to active protector, Kurdish female fighters represent a category of women that diverge from the one previously encoded in the society. Besides their abilities to shoot multiple types of weapons, they developed a full range of other skills based on physical and cognitive differences between men and women. For instance, they are mostly marksmen and snipers, as it requires calm, patience and finesse, a typically female trait (Pratt 2014). Contrary to the images of vulnerable women, YPJ soldiers almost reveal signs of masculinity by accepting death as a sacrifice that is part of the life choice the y have made (Pratt 2014). And yet, motivations could be almost determine as feminist ones. IS treat women as objects, giving female fighters even more power against ISIS some say that Islamic rebels are more scared of being killed by women because if they do they cannot go to heaven (Mezzofiore 2014)The Kurdish example raises many concerns among scholars since it contrasts the common perception of womens role. The YPJs struggle proves that women can be perfectly capable and willing of performing violent acts to defend the Kurdish people against all evil (Pratt 2014). Some suggest that this could lead to the empowerment of women in the region, since female fighters are being taken much more seriously today than in the past (Mezzofiore 2014, Gatehouse 2014).Under fire All victims?The institution of war has never been good for women and children (Farwell 2004). To a larger extend, war has never been good for anybody. Even if women and children are among the worst victims, they are n ot the only ones. The held idea that women and children are most likely to be displaced is not always giving justice to the data. Regarding the statistics about Registered Syrian Refugees, Males represent 48.7% and Female 51.3% of exiles. Refugees also include elderly persons, wounded warriors, minorities, people with disabilities, etc (UNRHC 2014). By qualifying women and children only as victims or combatants, scholars conceal the large range of positions they can occupy during a conflict.The mobilization of the society in the war effort has existed as long as war itself. During the First World War, the Munitionettes4 and their children worked in factories to provide for men at war. They have been enrolled in offices, communications, intelligence, criminal maintenance and many other under-acknowledged ways (Goldstein 2001 78). Partly victimized, partly victimizing, women are often considered as those who sacrifice the most during war (Huyse 2003 56) In Africa, women who must figh t in armed groups have often been doubly victimized forced to join the rebellion and raped by enemies and comrades. Consequently, it is impossible to draw a sharp railway system between the two categories, preventing the implementation of programs to address these women and girls actual lived experiences (Coulter and al. 2008 XXX).For example in post-reconstruction policies, they have failed to include women and young girls in DDR programs. Part of it is due to policy-makers refusal to recognize woman as combatants (Coulter and al 2008 P). Thus, depending on the policies implemented, women can suffer from deeper discrimination mainly related to the structural roots prevailing in society before the conflict (Cohen and al 20135) Porters study about rape in Uganda found that rapists are more often husbands/boyfriends or men from the same community rather than enemies (Porter 2013, Utas 2005). Or they can expect better positions with regard to equality between women and men. For examp le women were generally granted the right to vote after World War Two.Moreover, by emphasizing on the large proportion of women who have been abused, the debate on gender-based violence on men has been overlaid. Barring a few exceptions, the literature does not pay attention to the fact that men are also victims of poor treatment, thereby tortured more violently. Sexual violence is an issue commonly defined as affecting women and young females and yet, male rape, genital mutilation and other forms of emasculation have an important impact on men that should be documented (Cohen and al 2013 7, Sivakumaran 2013). Aggressors often abuse male enemies or political prisoners intentionally dehumanize and humiliate them (Sivakumaran 2013, Carpenter 2006). Nevertheless, because of the psychological and social implications of male victimization, less attention is given to male adults and adolescents who have been oppressed and/or forced to commit crimes (rape, mass killings, kidnapping), leadi ng to a bias in human security studies (Carpenter 2006).From Women and Children to Women and ChildrenGender-based common assumptions have largely shaped the way people perceive men, women and childrens roles in war. The persistent idea of a masculine monopoly on force promotes a simplistic view of war as the continuation of politics, where men are the main actors (Enloe 2004). By categorizing men as life-taking, women as live-giving and children as the contiguous generation, it appears that scholars have misjudged the role of women and children, especially during wars. After the mediatisation of the Bosnia Civil War and the Genocide in Rwanda, policy-makers and NGOs mainly focused on those visible atrocities that reduce the role of women and children to mere victimhood. The proportion of women and children suffering from conflicts is substantial. However, the amalgamation of Women and Children under a unique category because of their relative vulnerability, diverted attention away from existing structural realities. undermentioned this myth, scholars researches have exacerbated the idea of tough men dying to protect tender women and children and failed to question if women and children are merely victims of war.11 The huge number of child refugees is not only driven by the recent Syrian conflict but also by the growing number of Syrian, Afghan and Somalian children that were born in refugee camps. (UNHCR 2014)2 Antigone (Anouillh3 With a lack of ammunition and in a hopeless situation, Ozalp killed herself not to fall into the hands of the rapists (Mezzofiore 2014)4 Women working in munitions factories during WWI.

Negotiation styles

Negotiation entitlesSummaryFirst of all we will know what was the meaning of Negotiation Styles. The negotiation styles atomic number 18 nothing but the commission of culture,behavior,skills of th people of different organizations. The negotiation styles are different for different people in different partings the negotiation styles of the people vary from atomic number 53 region to an another(prenominal) region. In a international bloodline organization If we go to another res publica and if we grade decisions on our own we may capable to leave a bad decision in that country because the decision taken by our own was not more reliable than the decision of the people of that country hence the negotiation styles plays a key role in making in a better decision in international business organization. For lawsuit let us compare the negotiation styles of two countries in a international business organization. An England clothes manufacturer ray England has found by researching that the the manufacturing of formals would survive them up to 80 % on their cost of production of the same items produced in India.The company decided to send the England negotiators to india to make an agreement to make a topper deal with Indians The planning and production manager hired me to give a advice to give a advice to his police squad to make a best deal with the Indians. I make a PEST and SWOT abbreviation of Indias macro and micro environments. This analysis shows me that Indian culture has unequal distribution of wealth and power. A person-to-person relationship with Indians would help the team to run negotiation process easily and profitably.1.1 Clients DescriptionMy client of peter England is a clothes manufacturer who was one of the renowned manufacturer in manufacturing the formal clothes.1.2 Clients Description of ProblemThe client has has arised a problem for me tthat Our planning and production department had a research and found that if Peter England outs ources the production of formal clothes in India to a third partywe can save upto 80% of the current costs of production of the this items. These savings include with the clement resources cost and equipment maintenance, insurance of plant production and material, employees, transport etc.A negotiators team to be sent to India to make a discussion and negotiate on the cost of production of formal wears. It was necessary for the team of negotiators to fully understand the Indian culture. since the production mete of peter England in manufacturing the formal wear was been saved. The margin of the production of the product depends on the negotiators and the skills bring up by them.1.3 What the Client requires of MeThe manager of the planning and production , Mc Farland approached me and have a bun in the ovened me to give a suggestion to the team of negotiators to increase the margin of production of the product making a deal with the negotiators of India.The client also asked me to give a detailed information about the ethnic differences between the England and India.He also asked me about the detailed description of the negotiation styles in India and how it is carried on the culture of India.So that it would help the team of negotiators in achieving their targets. 1.0 Overview of the situationThe client had made a research and had had decided that he had a potential to save up to 80 % in manufacturing the formal clothes of his company Peter England. even the potential of savings in manufacturing the product depends on the team of negotiators who are being sent ot India. It is genuinely important that they understand the Indian culture and commercialise to get the best achievable results.They should understand the values, interests, goals, ethical principles and assumptions of the Indian culture.Hence the success of the disgorge depends up on the team of negotiators who must understand the ethics,culture of the Indians an their ability to grapple with them for the best.The team of negotiators should have a SWOT analysis to understand the depth. I is also essential for the team to to have a PEST analysis in statuss of its political, economic, social and technological issues and conditions in the Indian environment.2.0 Analysis of the situationAccording to Moran and Stripp (1991), negotiation takes place when two or more parties have both(prenominal) common and conflicting interests and interact with one another for the purpose of reaching a mutually beneficial agreement.3.1 PEST analysisPEST is the acronyms for Political, Economic, Social and Technological. This analytic tool is used by companies to analyse the overall environment or the macro environment of a country and industry before entering into business with them. 1. PoliticalThe political environment of India is quite safe. It is the policy of Indian government to facilitate western companies to invest and outsource their operation to India. The negotiators must have a n in depth knowledge of Indian laws and regulation regarding foreign investors.2. EconomicIndias economic condition is also good. It is rapidly becoming the hub for investment from western world in south Asia. Indian Rupee has gained strength in the recent times which shows that the market is growing and gaining strength. Also the difference between the US dollar and Indian rupee will enable the client to indemnify handsomely to the manufacturers in India and yet apply their costs low because 1 US dollar is cost 50 Indian Rupees (approximately). This would help in getting the loyalty of India manufacturers.3. SocialThe Indians are highly inspired and influenced by the Americans. The Indian society is quite agreeable of western cultures. There is also a tendency of psychological inferiority on part of the Indians as the Indian sub continent has been ruled by the westerners (British) for a hundred years. The negotiators might like to take advantage of these facts and talk the Indi an team into their required results. However, they need to remember that in assemble to make best use of their visit, the team must get in friendly terms with the Indians. This can only be achieved through socialising outside upright hours. These social events might include going to restaurants, bars, clubs etc together.Also, the negotiators should be able to see beyond the role of Indian negotiators and should be able to find out the hugger-mugger interests and priorities of their counterparts. 4. TechnologyIndian is on its way to becoming the main technology hub of the east. High quality and latest technology of all sorts is available in India. every machinery required for the production plant can be obtained from India or otherwise can be imported from China at low cost.3.2 SWOT analysisSWOT is an acronym for strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats. Here, SWOT analysis is used to analyse the micro environment in India. 1. StrengthsThe Indian society is open and friendl y towards the westerners. The government has made laws to restrain foreign investors The negotiators being westerners will have a psychological edge over their Indian counterparts. Beauty Expressed Inc. will be able to pay attractive amounts to the Indian manufacturers and yet keep their cost low due to the difference in the two currencies. Also India is famous for its high quality model and low cost productions.2. WeaknessThe Indian culture is very different from the US culture and therefore their negotiating styles and ways are much different from each other and work on entirely different variables from each other. For example, in the Indian culture, it is more important to secure a good relationship with the other partyeven if you have to losesomething. Whereas, in the US culture, getting the most out of the deal is more important than keeping the other party happy.3. OpportunitiesThe client would be able to save huge amounts due to the availability of low cost labour in India. 4. ThreatsThere can be potential delivery issues as deadlines are considered flexible in the Indian culture where as they are considered absolute in the US culture. In addition to this, the US negotiators might not be able to achieve their targets if they fail to understand the variables working behind the attitudes of Indian negotiators.3.3 Overall Analysis In order to understand the Indian culture so that the appropriate negotiation style and technique can be adopted, we would use Hofstedes Five Cultural Dimensions. Hofstede calculated the cultural dimensions of many countries which can be accessed on his website in the form of graphs. We will use these to analyse the Indian culture. 1. Power Distance Index Hofstedes Power distance Index measures the extent to which the less sizeable members of organizations and institutions accept and expect that power is distributed unequally.(www.clearlycultural.com)As the figure 1 shows that PDI for India is 77 against a world average of 56. 5 (Fig 2) and that of US which is only 40. This indicates a high take of discrimination in Indian society with regard to power and wealth.2. Individualism Individualism means the degree to which individuals are integrated into groups. (www.clearlycultural.com). Figure 1 one shows that the IDV for India is at 55 against that of US at 91 and a world average at 50. This shows that the Indian culture is inclined more towards collectivism earlier than individualism.3. MasculinityMasculinityrefers to the distribution of roles between the genders in a culture. (www.clearlycultural.com)India has Masculinity as the third highest ranking Hofstede Dimension at 56, with the world average just around lower at 51(Fig 2)4. Uncertainty Avoidance IndexUncertainty avoidance deals with a societys tolerance for uncertainty and ambiguity. (www.clearlycultural.com) UAI for India is 40(Fig 1) as compared to a world average of 65 (Fig 2). This shows that the Indian culture is open to new and unknown vis tas. (Greet Hofstede Cultural dimensions, 2009)5. Long-term OrientationLong-term Orientation deals with Virtue regardless of Truth. Values associated with Long marches Orientation are thrift and perseverance. Indias Long Term Orientation (LTO) Dimension ranks 61 against that of USA at 29 (Fig 1) in the graph, while the worlds average is at 48(Fig 2). This huge difference must be note as it shows how differently the two cultures operate. The Indians would concentrate more on building a long term relationship while doing business with another party whereas, the Americans would focus just on getting the job at hand done. The LTO score indicates that the culture is perseverant and parsimonious. ( http//www.geert-hofstede.com/)4.0 Solutions and RecommendationsA thorough analysis of the Indian culture, its comparison with the American culture and its SWOT and PEST analyses reveal that the Indian market is very suitable for outsourcing the manufacturing of T-shirts and trousers. In order to achieve their target, the team of negotiators must keep in mind the following. Choose the appropriate strategy by developing a personal relationship with their Indian counterparts. As we have seen that the Indians are more prone to concentrate on building a long term relationship, the negotiators should try to cash this attribute and ask for their required targets. Project the correct personal and organisational images. Study and understand the basic cultural differences and intelligently use this information. Ask the most relevant questions. These might be outside the business area but will help in making the process of negotiation smooth. Offer and request the appropriate types of concessions at the right time. Here the tendency of the Indian culture to develop long term relations again plays a vital role. Indian manufacturers can be very loyal and giving if they are promised a long term partnership ie, the negotiators should capitalise on the long term orientation of the Indi an culture. Remain concentrate on their targets but show flexibility in order to achieve them. This would ensure a smooth and fruitful negotiation. The team should try to impress and keep in hand the leader of the Indian negotiation team. This means that they should capitalise on the tendency of the Indian culture to respect and accept difference in power. Beauty Expressed Inc.s team should focus on a people oriented negotiation rather than a task oriented discussion. They should give more importance to the team lead of the Indian team. The negotiators should not adopt a sequential style of negotiation in fact they should adopt the holistic style of negotiation and deal with the problem as a whole. This implies that they should not try splitting the problem into parts. The negotiators should try to use a collaborative style and occasion a win-win situation. This would not only help them achieve their goals but would also help them create a long term relation with their Indian coun terparts.5.0 Forecasts and OutcomesThe project of outsourcing manufacturing of T-shirts and trousers to an Indian company is feasible. However, the positive outcome of this project depends entirely on the success of negotiation between the team from Beauty Expressed Inc. and their Indian counterparts. This is possible if the team follows the above mentioned recommendations and be sensitive to Indian culture, its demands, dimensions and variables upon which it works.

Mobile Maintenance Overview

Mobile Maintenance OverviewMOBILE MAINTENANCE OVERVIEWTHE PROJECTOver the last decade, we break seen the pace of technology development increase hugely. From supple phvirtuosos to tablet devices to smart televisions, right up to connected vehicles and homes. This technology shift is inevitably moving into air travel sector. Both the Boeing 787 and Airbus A380 require connectivity, and digital tools, to maintain them. Engineering exacts to have integrated systems and hardw ar within the business to keep pace. Achieving such desegregation entrust provide us with the latest tools in obtain of our drive for greater efficiency and improved productivity. Our goal is to use technology to help us become market competitive.The Mobile Maintenance project is one of Engineerings primary Tier 1 programmes and forms part of the Our Plan business objective to use digital technology to transform our business. It aligns with the work we are doing under the banner of the Capella change programm e.With investing existence made in mobile hardware, a newfound glut management solution and signifi nookiet enhancements to the blackjack oak, the project will roll out over the next 18 months. Beginning in the ramp arena, online/mobile working will cascade on into hangar sustentation, and then component workshops. The new heart management solution will come on flow rate one aircraft type at a meter, with component maintenance manuals shortly in that respectafter.INVESTING IN OUR FUTUREIn the current financial climate, the decision by BAs Capital Investment Committee to approve this capital investment should be seen as a fantastic endorsement of everything Engineering intends to achieve via the project. Once the be of the original mobile working trial is added in, the total capex underpinning Mobile Maintenance comes to some 8million. The graphic below provides an indication of how the funds have been invested.33%22%45%INVESTMENT BREAKDOWNHardware weary EnhancementsINVEST MENT EXPLAINEDBENEFITSOf course, the investment decision was driven by the compelling benefits case Engineering were able to make. As well as the obvious productivity and efficiency opportunities, successful implementation opens up the possibility of achieving a wide variety of non-financial gains across Engineering.PEOPLE AND PROCESSES beat up the quality of info underpinning resource and profane planning activities.Reduce the frustration caused by having to leave the aircraft side mid-job.SAFETY AND QUALITYImprove access, and adherence, to maintenance manuals, procedures and touches.Reduce the risk of unrecorded work.OPERATIONAL PERFORMANCEReduce ADDs and delays through easier, quicker and more accurate access to technical tuition.Vastly improved situational cognizance both in the satellite control and for the production teams.SAP EnhancementsJust over 1/5 of the investment has gone into the largest single group of changes to SAP since it was introduced in 2004. Resulting i n new performances and improvements to exisiting ones, in addition to the new eTask app.Hardware1/3 of the investment has been on hardware. From the devices to servers and WIFi infranstructure. This portion of the investment was vital in ensuring the implementation becomes a success.ICMSThe largest portion of the investiment is in the new integrated content management system. A replacement for the TI Portal and fellowship warehouse, ICMS will provide remote, direct, accurate technical documentation to all engineers.For additions or queries regarding the MMHandbook contact emailprotectedEnsure colleagues carry out their role with the most up-to-date information at their fingertips.Increase the productivity and efficiency of the delivery and contribute teams in the organisation.Provide the opportunity for greater visibility of labor movement work steps.Remove SAP data entry lag, and risk of data transcription errors, to improve compliance data timeliness and quality.Better quality data will provide greater richness of information to improve the quality, and delivery, of the daily production plan.DELIVERABLESDELIVERABLES OVERVIEWMobile maintenance often attracts the immediate thought of iPads and the eTask app, mobile maintenance is a huge pith more than just an app on a device. The SAP enhancements upstream all interlink with one another, from enhancing the notifications we rely on for compliance, to creating a balanced plan and managing our operation. The information produced upstream of the app allows the engineer to work with accurate, well planned information on his device, while the app offers him/her immediate benefits with the functionality offered by eTask.DEFECT WORKBENCHThe defect workbench is a new SAP deed available for use by both production and the EOCC. It allows a user to search, review and fully define a D3 or D7. The transaction is data rich and allows accurate definition of notifications ensuring the user has all the information availabl e to make informed decisions on what action should be taken. Notifications finish be directed to relevant departments use the new milestone function while communication lines between planning, production and the engineer at the aircraft side are opened up with the remarks function.SLOT PLANThe slot plan is an engineering version of the airops software we use today to monitor the operation, it is a graphical pageant of our aircrafts flying schedule allowing a planner to select and analyse maintenance opportunities to plan revisions. The slot plan is the point of entry to the planning workbench and is the firstly step in the process to creating a new revision or editing an existing one.PLANNING WORKBENCHA data rich transaction allowing a planner to analyse the outstanding notifications of an aircraft. A compliance pane, defect pane and modification pane organise the notifications in a logical direction while quick review columns offer immediate information about a notification in cluding material status, life rule and number of re-assess alongside many a(prenominal) others. The main function of the planning workbench is to create accurate plans for work in the production environment.LOAD AND CAPACITYOnce the notification definition process we will have going forward with mobile maintenance improves and the data is more accurate the load and capacity tool will be a very important tool for engineering. The load and capacity tool will offer a graphical representation of the capacity (resource available) vs the Load (the planned work). This will allow a planner to balance revisions and ensure the plan is achievable. The tool depends on engineering working together to define notifications properly, most importantly delimit man hours on ADDs.RESOURCE PLANNING DASHBOARD (RPD)The resource planning dashboard is a digital T card board and interlinks with both the load and capacity tool and the TACD. The RPD (resource planning dashboard) allows a shift manager to org anise a shifts colleagues in to teams based on who is available. The transaction offers information of the colleagues skills, cover and approach expertness and so the teams can be planned accurately and efficiently. there will also be a crew room view which will army everyone which teams they are allocated to. The RPD relies on data fed from the HR system and time manager, with this in mind, it is vital that any time manager data is entered in call forth of the event, this includes overtime, leave, sickness and any other absence. Failure to do so will result in the colleagues absent or on overtime failing to show up correctly in the RPD. This is important as the RPD feeds the allocation system in the TACD which allocates work to the engineers devices.TASK ALLOCATION AND CONTROL DASHBOARD (TACD)TACD is the new version of the electronic whiteboard we use today to manage our operation in the satellites. It allows the FSDE to view and analyse the progress of the work being carried out by the engineers on the aircraft, while having the ability to create taxs from VHF calls and allocating them directly to an engineers device instantly. The TACD interlinks directly with the eTask app and the functionality provided allows the progress of tasks and revisions to be monitored in real time offering a substantial operational sensation improvement.ETASK APP (IPAD BASED)The eTask app is the next generation Ramp app. Following on from the trial version, the eTask app has an abundance of functionalities available that allow an engineer to work more efficiently and effectively. Greater task detail, allocation flexibility, line of descents integrating and reporting functions offer huge improvements to the initial ramp app. The major benefit being increased engagement time at the aircraft side, integration to the content management system and access to up to date technical documentation supports the information already on offer within each task pushed to the device.INTEG RATED CONTENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (ICMS)The new content management system is engineerings single solution for technical documentation and procedures. ICMS replaces the TI Portal and intimacy warehouse bringing considerable aesthetic, control and accessibility improvements. Desktop and device access provides aircraft manuals in the same format, hyperlinked and integrated with the eTask app whilst offering smart search functionality. Offline content also allows manuals to be saved to a device for review with automated updates adding in any TRs directly to the manual ensuring adherence to the most recent version. studyTRAINING SOLUTIONWith engineering investing in one of the biggest change projects since the introduction of SAP it is vital that the education solution provided gives all colleagues the most support in the movement towards mobile working. This section will explain the training solution offered as well as where supplementary information and support can be found.TRAINING DE VELOPMENTMobile maintenance training was developed in house by a team of hard working go through engineering colleagues. They are volunteers who devoted their time to the project to ensure that the content developed was in the best interests of their own colleagues and engineering as a whole. The training concepts were developed alongside the GLA and their own experts to ensure it adhered to training guidelines. In respect of the practical training the colleagues whom deliver the courses are also engineering production colleagues who volunteered to support the work theatres in the road towards mobile working.ASCENDBritish Airways corporate learning tool is Ascend, it allows courses to be built and stored online for completion at a time that suits without being off lined from the work areas. Ascend also allows learning to be tracked and audited by quality.SAP ENHANCEMENTS ASCEND COURSESThe mobile maintenance scratch courses were designed to give a how to demonstration of the new S AP enhancements. Software is a difficult product to train and the team toyed with different methods. One being the use of screenshots and annotations, however, when analysed, it was found that around 2000 screenshots would need to be produced which was both unmanageable and counterproductive as a training tool. The chosen method was to use videos of the transaction actually in a realistic scenario. Many software products use this method for training and a professional software was sourced to produce the content over a period of 2 months. The videos can be stopped, paused and scrolled through if hike up time is required on a certain point or notes need to be taken.ETASK ASCEND COURSE BALEARNING APPThe eTask ascend course is a little different to that of the SAP Enhancements, the ascend course serves as a placeholder for the efficiency assessment but the content itself is based on a BA corporate app named BALearning on the iPad device itself.The BALearning app allows an identical m imic of the real eTask app to be created. The content can then be manipulated to direct a user to choose the correct process and function resulting in the userbecoming familiar and advised of how the eTask app works. If a user makes an error it is not a problem as the learning app offers a safe environment to practice in.The eTask training app that is released is available at any time allowing a user to refresh on functionality when required.BALEARNING APP FIXSome users have reported the BALearning app is malfunctioning and the screen blanks on opening. This is due to a problem Mobile Enabled Operations encountered in March with corporate apps across the BA network having issues.The fix Delete BALogin App and Device Doctor App and then reinstall, pursual that enter the BA App store and ensure all apps are up to date including the BALearning app. This should remedy the fault.ASCEND COMPETENCY ASSESSEMENTSThe ascend competency assessments are a quality requirement. virtual(a) TRAINI NGThe training team were very keen to have a practical element of training included in the solution, one that allows candidates to practice using the new tools in a safe environment with instructors who are experts in the developments. The solutions were again developed by the SME team alongside the GLA.EOCC PRACTICAL TRAININGThe EOCC have developed a comprehensive practical training and readiness programme. This includes a full 1 day training course using the new tools in a safe environment while learning new processes and procedures attached to those tools. They also assess individuals on a 1 on 1 basis prior to going live ensuring the candidates are capable and ready to use the tools, assessing competency in addition to setting up layouts and variants relevant to their role.MVS MAINTENANCE VISIT SIMULATIONProduction colleagues, once they have completed the mandatory ascend modules will be allocated to an MVS course. A Maintenance Visit fashion model course is a 1 day offline c ourse where a candidate will experience and use all of the tools produced from mobile maintenance in a simulated aircraft visit. The simulation begins prior to the aircraft visit highlighting the process of data enrichment and timely entering of HR data, from there the simulation moves through the satellite to the aircraft comer and through to the aircraft departure. At each point of the aircraft visit the instructors demonstrate functionality and highlight any key points while the candidates actually work the aircraft on the devices like they would in a real life scenario. The candidates are assessed by monitoring their engagement throughout the session as well as a written tryout at the end of the session.POST TRAINING SUPPORTFor additions or queries regarding the MMHandbook contact emailprotectedAs with any training programme there are often further questions and clarity required by a candidate. For that reason a post training support structure has been implemented.KEY USERSKey users in each area are the first port of call for any clarifications or questions regarding mobile maintenance and they will be on hand to every shift to guardianship in the process of implementation and beyond. Again key users are engineering colleagues and have candidates best interests in mind.YAMMERYammer is BAs business social media option. There is a mobile maintenance group which is monitored daily by the project team. Any questions or queries will be answered in a timely and accurate manner so dont hesitate to ask for any clarity or report any issues found. Yammer is available via a desktop or via the app store on the iPad.KEY FUNCTIONS QRHThis mobile maintenance enchiridion offers an overview of the project, deliverables, training as well as offering a comprehensive quick reference handbook (QRH) for functionality of the new deliverables. It is a working document so if there is anything that is missing please report it to the owner or mobile maintenance yammer page. engine ering science PROCEDURESBA ENGINEERING TECHNICAL PROCEDURES AND WORK INSTRUCTIONSMobile Maintenance is now part of British Airways Engineering Technical Procedures/Work Instructions. Alongside this there will be local procedures which will be briefed and cascaded by your business area representatives. Follow the instructions below to access the engineering procedures and work instructions related to Mobile Maintenance

Tragic Heroes in Euripides Medea, Shakespeares Othello and Boccaccios

The Tragic Heroes in Euripides Medea, Shakespeares Othello and Boccaccios Decameron, Tenth Day, Tenth StoryThrough disclose many great works of literature in that respect are numerous characters whose acts are either moral or immoral. In the works Euripides Medea, Shakespeares Othello and Boccaccios Decameron, Tenth Day, Tenth Story, the main characters all carry out actions which in todays day and age would be immoral and inexcusable. Medea takes on the most immoral act, in Euripides great tragic work. The morale of today varies greatly with that of the sequence periods in which these works were written. Gualtieri from Boccaccios work, Othello from Shakespeares work and Medea from Euripides work were all, for the most part, just in their actions because of the view of the citizens during their time period. These people played an immense part in what was viewed as right and wrong, just as in todays day.In Boccaccios Decameron, Tenth Day, Tenth Story, the main character, Gualtieri w ants to test his new wife to see how loyal she is to him. In the beginning of the play, it is portrayed to the readers that Gualtieri is a very well respected, moral man. After being told that it is nessecary to find a wife, Gualtieri states, I will do as you beseech and so shall I have only myself to blame if things turn out badly, I want to be the one who chooses her, and I tell you now that if she is not honored by you as your lady...you will learn to your displeasure how serious a matter it was to compel me with your requests... (Boccaccio 135).From this statement Gualtieri is portrayed as a kind man. He says he will blame no one but himself if things do not work out and once his wife is chosen he orders his people to respe... ...he commits these three immoral acts.The Decameron, Tenth Day, Tenth Story, Othello and Medea are all tragic works, with seemingly tragic heroes. All three heroes, Gualtieri, Othello, and Medea, hurt somebody close to them in order to still retain the ir pride or end their jealousy towards another. Although many of the trivial standards of the present world are dissimilar than that of when the authors were writing, there are many substantial similarities, therefore judging a character based on only the morals of today would be unjust. whole caboodle CitedBoccaccio, Giovanni. The Decameron. New York Penguin, 1982. Euripides. Medea. The Norton Anthology of World Masterpieces. Ed. Sarah Lawall. New York and London W. W. Norton & Company, 1999.Shakespeare, William. Othello (c. 1602) E. A. J Honigmann (Ed.) Surrey Thomas Nelson & Sons Ltd. 1997.

Money Cannot Substitute Passion :: Personal Narrative, Autobiographical Essay

Money Cannot Substitute Passion   Tuan, this is the last time Im going to consecrate you, you better clean the house. said my father.   Ill do it later, I replied.     Later? he said. Why dont you just make some money and hire a maiden to do it. Then you dont have to worry about it     Coming from a blue-collar background, my father constantly reminded me of the importance of money. It was many years ago that he arrived in this country, carrying me in one arm and his hopes and dreams on the other. It was upon arriving in the advertised land of opportunity that he pronto learned that money was the only rag to upward mobility. It was rough in the beginning. My father was forced to scrape and save in hopes of providing us with a better home. A family of four, we shared a sleeping accommodation in which we all slept together, never orderd by more than a few inches apart. We did not have much except the daily warmth and unending devotion for one another. &n bsp   Through diligence and sacrifice, his hard work paid off and newfound success smiled upon us, changing our lives forever. As our new home quickly filled with all the luxuries and amenities the newly reaped profits and investments could afford, it seemed to become emptier to me. Money soon became a substitute for our slowly vanishing relationships.     Lazy Sundays spent with him at the Nipponese gardens feeding goldfish were replaced by late nights at the store and a brand spanking new widescreen television. The once friendly dinner table where our lives were intertwined finished bowels of rice porridge and bean sprouts was abandoned for meals in seclusion. We ate not together, but in our own rooms. The doors and the walls sealing us off in our own separate worlds, closing us off from one another, and hence leaving only a bad taste lingering inside of me.     It was not until I leave home for college that I was able to fully comprehend what was happening . You see, I lived on the inside and my father lived on the outside. Standing on the hilltop of the university, I am able to look out and see all the possibilities my brick and ivy education has opened up for me.